Bear and Oveflow Points

In competitive programming, one of the common mistakes is using a variable type that stores too few bits, which leads to overflows and underflows. We will focus on the "unsigned int" type, which makes all calculations modulo 232, always giving a non-negative result between 0 and 232 - 1, inclusive. Sample calculations on type "unsigned int" are: 7 - 5 = 2, 5 - 7 = 4294967294, 5 * 1,000,000,000 =